Peyronie”s Disease is a benign penile disorder characterized by symptoms including penile pain, curvature, and sexual dysfunction.  PD  is present in an estimated 0.4–13% of adult men, with higher rates  seen in men with diabetes mellitus, erectile dysfunction (ED), and
prior radical prostatectomy.

To date, our understanding of the pathophysiology is relatively limited, but recent work supports the hypothesis that penile trauma induces upregulation of proinflammatory molecular cascades in genetically predisposed individuals. Dating back to the mid-eighteenth century, a host of surgical and nonsurgical treatments have been used to treat PD symptoms.

This includes treatments as esoteric as mercury, arsenic, and even electricity to the penis. More recent  approaches over the last 70 years have focused on oral and topical agents, injections directly into the penile plaque, lithotripsy, penile traction, and surgery to straighten to penis. The scientific rigor with which these various treatments have been studied is highly variable. In 2009, Muller and Mulhall18 performed a critical review of the PD literature, citing substantial limitations in study methodology that bring the reliability of many of these interventions into question. Since that original publication, there have been notable changes in the way many authorities manage PD, specifically with the introduction of intralesional Collagenase clostridium histolyticum (Xiaflex; Endo
pharmaceuticals, Dublin, Ireland) and innovations in penile traction therapy.